File:D1190.jpg

Summary
This map of the Empire during the reign of Frederick Barbarossa, from Hans Stier and Ernst Kirsten's Völker, Staaten und Kulturen: ein Kartenwerk zur Gescichte (1980), showing the distribution of crown lands, the Staufer patrimony, Staufer duchies, the Welf patrimony, Welf duchies, and Ascanian, Babenberger, and Wettin lands. By this time, the Duke had the highest precedence in a province, but was not the feudal overlord of all of the nobles in that province; his ability to enforce his ducal rights outside lands under the control of his familia was subject to his ability to persuade whomever happened to live in the area Thus the attribution of a duchy to a house is questionable.